Bone density changes as adults grow older. From early adulthood onward, the body gradually replaces old bone with new tissue, but this balance shifts over time. Around middle age, the rate of bone loss can begin to exceed the rate of new bone formation. Since reduced bone density often develops without noticeable symptoms, adults may remain unaware of changes taking place within their skeleton. A DEXA scan offers a way to measure these changes with accuracy.
What Is a DEXA Scan?
A DEXA scan, short for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, is a type of imaging test used to assess the strength and density of bones. It is also referred to as bone densitometry. The examination measures how much mineral content is present in specific areas of the skeleton, and this gives physicians a picture of overall bone health.
The technology relies on a very low dose of radiation to gather its measurements. Two X-ray beams of differing energy levels pass through the body; the equipment calculates bone mineral density based on how much of each beam the bone absorbs. This measurement helps physicians identify reduced bone mass, which helps to estimate the likelihood of fractures related to weakened bone structure. Because the process is quick and uses minimal radiation, it is used to track skeletal health over time.
What Does It Involve?
The DEXA procedure focuses primarily on the hips and spine. Equipment typically includes an open exam table paired with an arm-like structure. The patient lies flat on the table, and the arm passes over the targeted region, directing low-dose X-ray beams. A technologist then reviews the collected data to determine bone mineral density. Preparation for the examination is straightforward, and patients are generally advised to:
- Stop taking calcium supplements or calcium-containing products for at least 24 hours beforehand.
- Avoid wearing metal jewelry or clothing with metal zippers, buttons, or fasteners.
- Wait one to two weeks after a recent CT or MRI examination performed with contrast material before undergoing the scan.
Beyond these steps, little additional preparation is required.
What Are the Benefits?
Bone loss affects both women and men, but the pace and timing can differ. Women tend to experience a more rapid decline in bone density following menopause. For this reason, current guidelines often recommend that women undergo a DEXA scan around age 65 or once they reach menopause.
Beyond age and menopause, several factors may increase the likelihood of reduced bone density. Declining bone density usually produces no symptoms, so discussing personal risk with a physician can help clarify whether this type of imaging would be worthwhile. Adults who fit any of the following descriptions may find a DEXA scan to be beneficial:
- Familial history of osteoporosis
- Low testosterone levels in men
- Long-term use of corticosteroid medications
- Low intake of calcium and vitamin D
- Regular cigarette smoking
- Frequent or heavy alcohol consumption
- Limited physical activity or a largely sedentary routine
Adults who wish to understand the current state of their bones can speak with a healthcare provider about arranging a DEXA scan through a professional imaging service.
Seek Professional Imaging Services
A DEXA scan provides objective data that supports informed conversations about bone health between patients and their physicians. The results can guide decisions about lifestyle adjustments, dietary changes, or follow-up monitoring, and repeat scans over time reveal whether bone density remains stable or continues to shift. Because the examination is brief and requires minimal preparation, it may fit easily into a patient’s health plan.
